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Tokugawa monetary system

Edo Denominations and Accounting Units

Ryō, bu, and shu are declared gold-accounting units; monme is a silver weight unit; mon counts cash.

江戸の貨幣単位Edo monetary units

Core routes
14
Issue studies
12
Recoinage records
21
Local status
Published

Context

Historical and monetary setting

The system linked unlike valuation conventions through official conventions and market exchange rather than one decimal scale.

Identification

How to classify the object

Every numeric claim must state its unit, metal branch, rate type, and date context.

Evidence boundary

What this page does not claim

No historical unit is converted into one timeless modern purchasing-power figure.

Valuation

Accounting and exchange relationships

Fixed gold accounting, official cross-metal conventions, and market exchange are different evidence classes.

TypePeriodRelationshipBoundary
fixed-accounting-relationshipTokugawa period1 ryo = 4 bu = 16 shuThis is an accounting relationship within declared-value gold, not a universal market exchange rate among all three metals.
official-conventionEarly Tokugawa1 ryo = 50 monme silver = 4,000 mon copperThe Currency Museum presents this as an early official convention; actual exchange moved with market conditions.
official-conventionEighteenth century1 ryo = 60 monme silver = 4,000 mon copperAn official convention used for explanation, not a promise that every transaction cleared at this rate.

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Related Edo references

Evidence

Sources and scope

These links support the claims on this page. Source authority does not imply permission to republish source images.

Frequently Asked Questions: Currency in the Edo Period Bank of Japan Currency Museum

Tri-metallic structure, 1 ryo = 4 bu = 16 shu, monme weight, and the distinction between official and market exchange.

Open source
History of Japanese Currency Bank of Japan Currency Museum

1601 Keicho gold and silver, 1636 Kanei Tsuho, recoinage sequence, and later denominated silver.

Open source