历史集合
西班牙殖民时期八雷亚尔
四个彼此独立的墨西哥城传统，展示王室银币从罕见早期试验、锤击马库基纳、机制柱币到独立前夕肖像币的演变。
费尔南多七世肖像币横跨殖民与独立时期；本层级保留这一双重语境。
西班牙王室与墨西哥城
王室权威是法律上的连续线索，但生产技术并非一成不变。锤击币由手工把币坯置于上下模之间敲击，因此外形不规则且图案常不完整；1730年代引入螺旋压机后，币坯更圆，图案更完整，并出现纹饰边。
厂标与验金师标记是证据而非装饰。它们指向生产机构及负责金属标准的官员，但相同字母组合在不同时期可能代表不同人物。因此归属必须综合君主、年份、图案、厂标与验金师语境。
四个生产家族不能扁平化为单一类型
| 系列 | 年代 | 生产 | 君主 | 验金师 | 边缘 | 重量 | 难度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 卡洛斯与胡安娜 | 1538 evidence within 1536–1571 coinage | Hand-prepared planchet; hammer struck | Charles I · Joanna of Castile | R证据；尚未解决 | Unfinished or irregular hammered edge | Eight-real standard requires specimen-level verification | Extreme; attribution and genuineness require specialist review |
| 马库基纳锤击币 | 1572–1733 | Cut or prepared planchet; hammer struck | Philip II · Philip III · Philip IV · Charles II · Philip V | 按单期核对；语料未完整 | Irregular hammered edge; no uniform security pattern | Eight-real standard; individual pieces vary through manufacture, clipping, and loss | Moderate to expert depending on visible marks and surface condition |
| 柱币 | 1732–1771 | Milled screw-press coinage on round planchets | Philip V · Ferdinand VI · Charles III | 成对缩写并限定身份 | Patterned security edge; inspect by issue and tooling state | Eight-real milled standard, commonly cited near 27 g | Accessible by monarch; advanced by date, assayer, and die details |
| 肖像币 | 1772–1821 | Milled screw-press coinage | Charles III · Charles IV · Ferdinand VII | 成对缩写并限定身份 | Patterned security edge; type and tooling must match issue | Eight-real milled standard, commonly cited near 27 g | Accessible by monarch; wartime and transition issues require advanced attribution |
成熟指南与研究边界
卡洛斯与胡安娜
Ocho reales de Carlos y Juana研究墨西哥城极罕见早期八雷亚尔归属的页面，与数量更大、证据更充分的卡洛斯与胡安娜小面额硬币严格区分。
- 君主
- Charles I · Joanna of Castile
- 生产
- Hand-prepared planchet; hammer struck
- 状态
- 需要复核
1572–1733马库基纳锤击币
Ocho reales macuquinos墨西哥城十字与盾徽马库基纳币把不完整打制转化为证据问题：归属需综合可见年份、厂标、验金师、面额、纹章、十字与币坯。
- 君主
- Philip II · Philip III · Philip IV · Charles II · Philip V
- 生产
- Cut or prepared planchet; hammer struck
- 状态
- 已发布
1732–1771柱币
Ocho reales columnarios柱币把圆形机制生产、防伪边饰、成对验金师缩写与双球双柱设计结合，使墨西哥城银币在全球贸易中易于识别。
- 君主
- Philip V · Ferdinand VI · Charles III
- 生产
- Milled screw-press coinage on round planchets
- 状态
- 已发布
1772–1821肖像币
Ocho reales de busto王室肖像银币于1772年取代双球柱币，在新成色标准下延续墨西哥城成对验金师制度，并经历战争与独立时期动荡。
- 君主
- Charles III · Charles IV · Ferdinand VII
- 生产
- Milled screw-press coinage
- 状态
- 已发布
来源
- Las primeras monedas hechas en México: Carlos y Juana, 1536Casa de Moneda de México · 层级 1 · 2026-07-21
Mint founding, two broad series, design and manual production.
- Antecedentes históricosCasa de Moneda de México · 层级 1 · 2026-07-21
Official sequence from Charles-and-Joanna through cobs, pillar and portrait coinage.
- Moneda de Carlos y JuanaSecretaría de Cultura · 层级 1 · 2026-07-21
Official object history; creates disclosed conflict on the start of 8-real production.
- Historia de la moneda y del billete en MéxicoBanco de México · 层级 1 · 2026-07-21
Institutional monetary history and terminology.
- Charles and Joanna: Early SeriesMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Rare assayer-R early 8-real evidence and 1538 context.
- Early Series: Eight RealesMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Specialist discussion of the exceptional denomination and production difficulty.
- The Charles and Joanna Coinage of Mexico City, 1536–1571U.S. Mexican Numismatic Association · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Specialist series structure and terminology.
- Cob assayers L and J, 1677–1723Mexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Late cob assayer evidence and transition complexity.
- Cob assayers, 1700–1746Mexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Late cob and early milled assayer context.
- Charles II cobs: BezerraMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Specialist attribution example showing why cobs need issue-level evidence.
- Pillar coinageMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Reform chronology, machinery, fineness, introduction and end dates.
- Pillar designMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Design elements and Mexico mintmark.
- Pillar assayers, 1732–1771Mexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Pillar assayer identities, letter pairs and service spans.
- Assayer initialsMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Meaning of paired chief-assayer initials.
- Bust coinageMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
1772 transition, design and Charles IV portrait transition.
- Bust coinage: assayersMexican Numismatics · 层级 2 · 2026-07-21
Portrait assayer names, pairs, spans and transition notes.
- 1715 Mexico City 8 Reales cobWikimedia Commons · 层级 3 · 2026-07-21
CC BY-SA 3.0 documentary photograph and stated 1715 Fleet provenance.
- Philip V 1739 Mexico 8 RealesWikimedia Commons · 层级 3 · 2026-07-21
Public-domain documentary image and visible issue description.
- Charles IV 1805 Mexico 8 Reales portrait sideWikimedia Commons · 层级 3 · 2026-07-21
CC BY-SA 2.0 documentary portrait photograph.
- Charles IV 1805 Mexico 8 Reales arms sideWikimedia Commons · 层级 3 · 2026-07-21
CC BY-SA 2.0 documentary arms photograph.