World Coin BookWorld coin encyclopedia

Cross-country learning guide

Cross-Border Minting and Technical Exchange

Production facilities, client authorities, trials, and technical assistance kept separate from the issuing authority and canonical country.

Struck atIssued byTrialsTechnical assistance
Routes
14
Relationships
8
Ports
8
Status
Published

Identity before movement

One coin, several relationships

The network explains movement without turning a Mexican coin into a Chinese issue or a Japan-minted foreign coin into a Japanese issue.

Host coin

Keeps its issuing country, authority, type, date, mint, and issue ID.

Circulation

Adds a dated jurisdiction relationship; it never creates a domestic issue.

Post-strike event

A chop, official countermark, cut, or graffiti stays attached to the host.

Production

Mint facility and client authority remain separate from the issuer and canonical country.

Facility is not issuer

Production edges preserve client and country identity

Japan Mint production for East Hebei or Mengjiang remains Chinese historical coinage. Dutch East Indies trial evidence is not promoted into a circulated issue.

Cross-border production register
Issue or groupIssuerCanonical countryFacilityFacility jurisdictionYearsRecord type
east-hebei-metallic-issues-1937Chi Tung Bank / East Hebei authoritiesChina historical East HebeiJapan MintJapan1937official production register
mengjiang-metallic-issues-1942-1943Mengjiang BankChina historical MengjiangJapan MintJapan1942–1943official production register
occupied-dei-trials-1943-1944Indonesia historical contextJapan MintJapan1943–1944trial and production evidence
jp-series-meiji-silver-yenGovernment of JapanJapanJapan Mint, OsakaJapan1897–1914 contextmetropolitan coin produced for Taiwan circulation

Source trail

Institutional and contemporary evidence